HMPV Virus: Risks, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Prevention

A stubborn cough, nasal congestion that will not subside, and fever that will not leave—most people believe that it is only a cold. But what if it is actually much worse? HMPV virus symptoms are mistaken by most people for flu or respiratory infection, hence people ignoring its danger.

Human Metapneumovirus or HMPV is a disease that can infect anyone, but is most dangerous to children, old people, and people with weak immunity. It is unlike a cold, though, because it can lead to life-threatening situations like pneumonia or bronchitis if it is not well attended to.

In this post, we will talk about what HMPV is, how contagious it is, its symptoms and how to protect your friends and family. By the end of this post, you will have learned how to identify HMPV vs cold and what to do if you or your loved ones are infected.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory infection that appeared first in 2001 but is estimated by researchers to have been around for decades. It is of the same group of viruses that causes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but is also known to cause mild to severe respiratory illness.

How does it spread?

• Through airborne droplets on cough or sneeze by an infected person
• By touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face.
• Through close body contact with an infected person like hugging or handshaking.

HMPV infections are most common in late winter through early spring but can also appear throughout the year.

HMPV Virus Symptoms: Watch Out For

The HMPV virus can have its symptoms range from what is experienced by each individual’s health and age. Some individuals can have only cold-like symptoms, but others—young children, old individuals, and individuals with lung conditions—can have very severe complications.

Common Symptoms of HMPV:

• Cough, mucus or dry
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Fever (mild to moderate)
• Sore throat
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing or difficulty breathing (in severe cases)

For most individuals, these signs and symptoms take around 7-10 days, but in susceptible individuals, can evolve to pneumonia or bronchitis that requires hospital admission.

When should one consult a doctor?

• If symptoms persist after 10 or more days
• If breathing gets difficult.
• If fever continues after taking medication
• If someone with weak immune system, elderly person or a baby, presents signs of infection that is severe

Diagnosis: How is HMPV Diagnosed?

Because HMPV infection is very much like flu or RSV infection in its signs of illness, lab tests need to be performed to make a definite diagnosis.

Doctors may perform:

• Nasal or throat swabs to screen for the virus
• Chest X-rays if pneumonia is suspected.
• Blood tests to assess severity of infection in critical conditions

Testing for HMPV is not routine but is only recommended by doctors in severe or high-risk conditions to make sure that there is actually the virus there.

Human Metapneumovirus Treatment

Currently, there is no specific antiviral medication for HMPV, hence treatment is focused on relief of symptoms and prevention of complications.

At-Home Treatment for Mild Cases:

• Rest: Your body will need rest to fight off the infection..
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to remain well-hydrated
• Over-the-counter medications: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can also soothe fever and discomfort by acting as pain relievers.
• Steam therapy: I Steam can also treat nasal congestion and cough.

 

Medical Treatment of Serious Cases

In high-risk individuals, admission to hospital can be indicated to provide

• Oxygen therapy for breathing issues.
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration.
• Bronchodilators if there is difficulty breathing or wheezing

If symptoms are severe, early consultation with the best hospital in New Delhi can provide immediate care and prevent complications.

Prevention: How to Protect Yourself from HMPV?

Since HMPV is infectious, preventive measures can significantly reduce your infection risk.

Effective Prevention Tips:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
• Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick.
• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs and mobile phones.
• Wear a mask in crowded places, especially during flu season.
• Practice good respiratory hygiene—cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing.

Currently, there is no HMPV vaccine, but one is being developed. The best option to stay safe until that is developed is through prevention.

Who is Most at Risk?

While HMPV can infect anyone, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe complications.

High-Risk Groups Include:

• Infants and young children due underdeveloped immune systems
• Elderly individuals due to weak immunity
• People with ongoing lung conditions like asthma or COPD
• Individuals with weakened immune systems due to medical conditions or treatments

For those of the high-risk category, receiving care through one of the top 10 hospitals of Delhi can result in maximum possible care outcomes.

When to Seek Medical Attention?

While most HMPV infections resolve on their own, certain warning signs require immediate medical care:

• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Persistent high fever (above 102°F) for more than 3 days
• Severe dehydration (dizziness, dry mouth, infrequent urination)
• Bluish lips or skin (sign of oxygen deficiency)

If you or a loved one experience these symptoms, don’t wait—consult a healthcare provider immediately.

Stay Informed, Stay Safe

HMPV is not an ordinary cold, it is actually a highly contagious respiratory disease that can lead to severe illness in susceptible individuals. Recognizing HMPV virus symptoms early, taking precautions, and seeking timely medical attention can prevent complications and speed up recovery.

If you or a loved one experience persistent respiratory symptoms, don’t ignore them. Seeking expert care at PSRI Hospital, known for its excellence in patient care, can provide the right diagnosis and treatment. As the best hospital in New Delhi, PSRI Hospital ensures top-quality healthcare with state-of-the-art facilities and experienced specialists. Schedule an appointment today or reach out to our experts for guidance.

FAQs

What are the common HMPV virus symptoms?
Ans. Cough, congestion, fever, sore throat, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Severe cases may lead to bronchitis or pneumonia.

How is HMPV diagnosed?
Ans. Doctors may diagnose it based on symptoms and, in severe cases, use nasal or throat swab tests to confirm the virus.

What is the Human Metapneumovirus treatment?
Ans. There is no specific antiviral treatment. Symptoms are managed with rest, hydration, fever reducers, and oxygen therapy if needed.

Can HMPV be prevented?
Ans. Yes. Wash hands, avoid close contact with sick individuals, disinfect surfaces, and wear masks in crowded places.

When should I see a doctor?
Ans. Seek medical help if symptoms persist, breathing becomes difficult, or fever remains high. High-risk individuals should visit the best hospital in New Delhi for timely care.